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Assessing Benefits of Modularity in Missions and System of Systems

Abstract

This chapter highlights prior Systems Engineering Research Center funded research on assessing the benefits of modularity for mission and system-of-systems development. An overview on historical motivation, benefits and drawbacks of modularity, and the translation of modular contexts to a system-of-systems perspective are first provided. A decision support framework to assess benefits of modularity is detailed, followed by an example synthetic case study to illustrate the approach. Future directions of research are provided in conclusion.


Leads

Navindran Davendralingam

Research Science, Amazon Inc.

Cesare Guariniello

Purdue University

Lu Xiao

Stevens Institute of Technology

Publications

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  3. Baldwin , C.Y. and Clark , K.B. ( 2000 ). Design Rules: The Power of Modularity , vol. 1 . MIT Press .

  4. Baldwin , C.Y. and Clark , K.B. ( 2006 ). Modularity in the design of complex engineering systems . In: Complex Engineered Systems (ed. D. Braha , A.A. Minai , and Y. Bar-Yam ), 175 – 205 . Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer .

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  14. Gershenson , J.K. , Prasad , G.J. , and Allamneni , S. ( 1999 ). Modular product design: a lifecycle view . Journal of Integrated Design & Process Science 3 ( 4 ): 13 – 26 .

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  17. MacCormack , A. , Rusnak , J. , and Baldwin , C.Y. ( 2006 ). Exploring the structure of complex software designs: an empirical study of open source and proprietary code . Management Science 52 ( 7 ): 1015 – 1030 .

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  19. Mattson , C.A. and Magleby , S.P. ( 2001 ). The influence of product modularity during concept selection of consumer products . In: ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference , Pittsburgh, PA, 9 – 12 . New York : ASME .

  20. Mauerer , W. , Joblin , M. , Tamburri , D.A. et al. ( 2021 ). In search of socio-technical congruence: a large-scale longitudinal study . IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 48 ( 8 ): 3159 – 3184 .

  21. Mikkola , J.H. ( 2000 ). Modularization assessment of product architecture . DRUID Winter Conference, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark .

  22. Mo , R. , Cai , Y. , Kazman , R. et al. ( 2016 ). Decoupling level: a new metric for architectural maintenance complexity . In: 2016 IEEE/ACM 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) , 499 – 510 . IEEE .

  23. Newcomb , P.J. , Bras , B. , and Rosen , D.W. ( 1998 ). Implications of modularity on product design for the life cycle . Journal of Mechanical Design 120 ( 3 ): 483 – 490 .

  24. Newman , M.E. ( 2006 ). Modularity and community structure in networks . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 ( 23 ): 8577 – 8582 .

  25. O'Rourke , R. ( 2017 ). Navy Littoral Combat Ship/Frigate (LCS/FF) Program: Background and Issues for Congress . Congressional Research Service report RL33741 , Washington DC .

  26. Sosa , M.E. , Eppinger , S.D. , and Rowles , C.M. ( 2000 ). Designing modular and integrative systems . In: ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference Proceedings , Baltimore, MD. New York : ASME .

  27. Takeishi , A. and Takahiro , F. ( 2001 ). Modularisation in the auto industry: interlinked multiple hierarchies of product, production and supplier systems . International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 1 ( 4 ): 379 – 396 .

  28. US Army ( 2015 ). Vehicular integration for C4ISR interoperability (VICTORY) .

  29. US Navy (August 2009 ). Open Architecture Assessment Tool 3.0 .

  30. Valetto , G. , Helander , M. , Ehrlich , K. et al. ( 2007 ). Using software repositories to investigate socio-technical congruence in development projects . In: Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR'07: ICSE Workshops 2007) , 25 . IEEE .

  31. Wang , X. , Xiao , L. , Yang , Y. et al. ( 2018 ). Identifying TraIn: a neglected form of socio-technical incongruence . In: Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings , 358 – 359 .

  32. Wong , S. , Cai , Y. , Kim , M. , and Dalton , M. ( 2011 ). Detecting software modularity violations . In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering , 411 – 420 .

  33. Xiao , L. , Pennock , M.J. , Cardoso , J.L. , and Wang , X. ( 2020 ). A case study on modularity violations in cyber-physical systems . Systems Engineering 23 ( 3 ): 338 – 349 .

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The Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) was established in the Fall of 2008 as a government-designated University Affiliated Research Center (UARC). The SERC has produced 15 years of research, focused on an updated systems engineering toolkit (methods, tools, and practices) for the complex cyber-physical systems of today and tomorrow.


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